WORD ORDER

WORD ORDER

Word order merupakan susunan kata dalam membentuk noun phrase. Noun Phrase/frasa kata benda  merupakan kelompok kata  yang terdiri dari satu kata benda utama (noun head)+kata - kata penjelas lainnya.

 Contoh:

1. Mr. Mustaf has just bought an expensive small red car

Def

Dalam menggambarkan suatu benda kita dapat menggunakan lebih dari satu kata sifat. Misalnya:

1.Apel Washington yang merah, besar dan mahal tersebut ada di mejaku.

2.Wanita itu memiliki 2 ekor anak anjing kecil, putih dan pintar.

Arrange the words in brackets into good order

1.The woman was(young-dancer-beutiful-a javanese-slim)

2.The rich man has just brought(small-expensive-an-car-red)

3.The woman has(smart-two-young dogs white-mall)

4.The bridges look beautiful in(long-handmade—that-dress-silk-white)

5.Yesterday, I saw our(fat-teacher-old-inteligent-English) 

Fill in the blank with the words provided

a.Well  d. easy  g. Kind  j. sense

b.Bright  e. treats  h. Neat  k. fun

c.Early  f. Best  i. Young  l. black

  Datty is one of my (1)..... Friends. He is always very (2) ...... To me and I always liked the way he (3)..... me as the best friend, too.

  He is medium hight, with short (4)..... hair. He is in his (5) .... thirties now. With his great (6)... Of humor, he can turn boring situation into very (7) .... He is always (8) .... In wearing clothes. (9) .... Colors are his favourite. He always looks  very attractive something bright.

  He is always very energetic, and (10)..... known as a type of romantic (11) ..... man. In addition, he is imaginative, hardworking and also very (12) .... Going. Everyone likes to be friend with him. 

Direct – Indirect Speech/Reported Speech

                  1.Pengertian

•Direct speech / kalimat langsung adalah kalimat yang diucapkan oleh pembicara dan dalam penulisannya menggunakan quation mark atau tanda petik(“...”)

•Indirect speech / kalimat tak langsung kalimat yang diucapkan oleh orang lain dan dalam penulisannya tidak menggunakan tanda petik.

2.Jenis- Jenis Direct-Indirect speech

1.Command and Prohibition ( Perintah dan larangan)

2.Questioning (Kalimat tanya)

3.Statement (Kalimat pernyataan)

3. Contoh - Contoh

-contoh kalimat perintah 

A: "Turn off your phone cell"

B: Ask me to turn off my phone cell

-contoh kalimat  larangan

A: "don't play the piano at study time"

B: "She remind me t=not play piano at study time"

2. Contoh Questioning 

Direct speech yang berupa pertanyaan akan menjadi kalimat pernyataan pada Indirect speech.

a.Questioning dengan Yes/ No berpola 

if/whether+predikat

b. Questioning dengan Wh question berpola

wh question + S=V

 

MODALS AUXILIARIES

I.Definition

II.Function

1. Definition of Modal

Modal auxiliaries generally express speakers’attitutes or moods in describing necessary, advisable, permissible, possible, or probable.

Modal auxilieries in English are : can, could, had better, ought to, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should. 

II. Function of Modal auxiliaries

1. Expressing request

2.Expressing Necessity

Expressing Advisability

 Expressing request

1.1.Dengan I sebagi subject;

a.May

b.Could       I borrow your  car? Yes, certainly

c.Can                                               Of course

  sure (informal)

Request

1. 2. Dengan You sebagai subject;

a.Would

b.Will            you pass the salt, please?

c.Could

d.Can                  Yes, I’d be happy to

  Yes, I’d be glad to

  Certainly

  Sure ( informal )

Request

1. 3. 1.  Would you mind if I + V2 = asking permission

a. Would you mind if I turned the fan off ?

b.Would you mind if I sat beside you?

●

1. 3. 2. would you mind + ving = asking s.o do st.

a.Would you mind closing the door?

b.Would you mind picking me up at 4?

●

 Typical responses:

a.No. Not at all

b.No, of course not

c.No, that would be fine

      

2. Expressing Necessity;Must, Have to= Have got to

2. 1. Must = have

     All applicants have to take an entrance exam

                               must

2.2. Have to lebih umum digunakan daripada must yang terkesan lebih penting/ kuat

   I’m looking for Hana. I’ve to talk to her about our lunch date tomorrow.

   I must talk to her right away 

3. Expressing Advisability; should, ought  to , had better

3. 1. Should and ought to = express advisability

a.You should   study harder

     ought to

b.Drivers ought to obey the speed limit

                    should 

Advisabality

3.2. had better is stronger than should/ought to.

It implies a warning or threat of possible bad consequences.

e.g.

a.The gas tank is almost empty. We had better    stop at the next service station. Otherwise, our car stop because of run out petrol

b.The rainy season had come. You’d better upstairs your electronical equipment.

Modal perfect

a)Should have/ ought to have = expressing past advise;

Rama misses  the first flight; he should have arrived  earlier.

b) Must have = past conclusion

Rama misses  the first flight; he must have overslept

c) Could have = past capability3) Could have = past capability;

Winda could have got into my car, but she walked.

4)Might have = past possibility;

Wandira seems very tired, she might have worked over time yesterday.